文献メモ（タウンゼント）

phil

「個 vs.共同体」というお決まりの対立にすぎないかもしれませんが、一応メモ。
誰かこの後の顛末を教えてくらさい。
今週は、伊藤キムの『禁色』がありますね。

  • Townsend, Peter (1985). “A Sociological Approach to the Measurement of Poverty – A Rejoinder to Professor Amartya Sen.” Oxford Economic Papers V37, pp.659-668
  • Sen, Amartya (1985). “A Sociological Approach to the Measurement of Poverty: A Reply to Professor Peter Townsend.” Oxford Economic Papers V37, pp.669-676

There is also a debate on the merits of an absolute conception of poverty between Amartya Sen and Peter Townsend. Sen (1983) argued that an absolutist core is the need "to meet nutritional requirements, to escape avoidable disease, to be sheltered, to be clothed, to be able to travel, to be educated----to live without shame’. Townsend (1985) responded saying that this absolutist core is itself relative to society. Nutritional requirements are dependent on the work roles of people at different points of history and in different cultures. Avoidable disease is dependent upon the level of medical technology. The idea of shelter is relative not just to climate but also to what society uses shelter for. Shelter includes notions of privacy, space to cook, work and play, and highly cultured notions of warmth, humidity and segregation of particular members of the family, as well as different functions of sleep, cooking, washing and excretion.

Finally, multidimensionality of poverty is now well-recognised in the development discourse not just as a measurement issue, but also as a matter of policy concern. To address the capabilities of the poor, in recent years, the focus has also shifted to analysing poverty processes, which yielded new analytical categories such as crisis coping capacity, personal insecurity, social exclusion, and empowerment (Rahman, 2000). In a nutshell it can be said that despite the influence of economic factors, over time the concept of extreme poverty gets attention in the multi dimensional sense in development literature.
(Nasrin Sultana, 'Conceptualising Livelihoods of the Extreme Poor',January 2002)